• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a forage harvester with at least one cutting unit, where at least one counter-cutter (5) is provided and at least one drum housing element (11) between counter-cutter (5) and a throwing channel (12) for ejecting the cut crop ) of the drum housing (11) is provided, with at least one adjusting unit (10) being provided for adjusting and readjusting the counter-blade (5) relative to the knife drum (1) and the adjusting unit (10) in operative connection with a vertical device (18) for Adjustment of the drum housing element (11) at least radially to the axis of rotation {2), and wherein the adjustment device (18) is designed as a hydraulic adjustment device (18) having at least one hydraulic fluid.
    公开号:BE1021739B1
    申请号:E2013/0790
    申请日:2013-11-26
    公开日:2016-01-14
    发明作者:Stefan Birkhofer
    申请人:Claas Saulgau Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Forage harvester with a cutting unit
    The invention relates to a forage harvester with at least one cutting unit having a cutterhead rotating about an axis of rotation for cutting and shredding crops according to the preamble of claim 1.
    In forage harvesters for harvesting corn, green fodder, silage, hay or the like, the crop is picked up from the field, crushed and conveyed via an ejection channel on a transport vehicle with the help of a rotating cutting. Such forage harvesters today have a wide variety of attachments or implements, which are coupled to the front. For example, these implements have several cutting tools to cut off standing maize and feed it to the cutting unit. Also so-called pick-up attachments are already known, which are used in the harvesting of silage, hay or the like, for example, to accommodate a large swath lying on the field, possibly to crush and supply to a corresponding transport vehicle.
    The cutting units or chopping units of such forage harvesters are subject to great stresses, so that from time to time the cutting elements and / or a fixed counter cutting edge must be reground or readjusted due to appropriate wear. The counter-blade is connected in some forage harvesters such with a bottom plate or a housing element of the cutting drum, so that at the same time an adjustment of the bottom plate or the drum element takes place when readjusting the counter-blade.
    Thus, such a cutter is already known from DE 196 52 656 C4, wherein the counter-blade is rotatably supported, so that during regrinding or wear of the counter-blade this can work properly by a slight change in the angular position again correctly with the rotating cutting elements of the cutting unit. By adjusting the counter-blade rotatably mounted drum element or bottom plate is also readjusted, so that at least in the idle state, the gap or distance between rotating blades and bottom plate or drum element remains as constant as possible.
    To adjust the counter-blade, a linear motor is provided which causes the angular position or adjustment of the counter-blade via a lever mechanism. Thus, according to DE 196 52 656 B4 adjusted by the adjustment by means of a lever system or joint system, the gap or the distance between bottom plate and rotating cutting blades. In this case, namely the opposite edge of the opposite side of the bottom plate is radially adjusted. Accordingly, in an adjustment of the counter-blade, the bottom plate on the one hand by the rotatable connection to the counter-blade and on the other hand adjusted by the adjustment by means of the lever system at both ends or both sides. EP 1 852 011 discloses a forage harvester with a chopper drum. However, the corresponding drum housing element, namely the bottom plate, resiliently supported, for which purpose a mechanical energy storage is provided.
    However, it has been shown that in practice such a mechanical adjustment system can not withstand the great loads and requirements of a modern forage harvester in the long term or it comes to adverse effects.
    The object of the invention is in contrast to propose a forage harvester with an improved cutting unit.
    This object is, starting from a forage harvester of the aforementioned type, achieved by the features of claim 1. The measures mentioned in the dependent claims advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are possible.
    Accordingly, a forage harvester according to the invention is characterized in that the adjusting device is designed as a hydraulic adjusting device having at least one hydraulic fluid.
    The document DE 19841598 discloses a conveyor consisting of a pick-up drum for receiving stalks and a subsequent conveyor channel, wherein the stalk material is conveyed by conveyor tines to a plurality of cutting blades and cut by these. The hydraulic cylinder is designed to lower the conveyor channel floor and / or pivot down the cutting blades to prevent overworking of the cutter. This cutting does not cut against a counter blade and the lowering of the conveyor channel floor is not used for readjustment or readjustment, but to relieve the cutting unit. Due to the divergent cutting methods, the question arises as to why the person skilled in the art should combine the two documents EP 1 852 011 and DE 19841598 at all. But even if the skilled person combines the two documents, he finds in none of the two documents a Flinweis on a hydraulic cylinder according to the invention according to the invention, which receives the readjustment movement of the adjusting unit and transmits a hydraulic line to the hydraulic adjusting device. Thus, documents EP 1 852 011 and DE 19841598 may suggest the subject-matter of the first claim neither individually nor in their combination.
    According to the invention, with the aid of such a hydraulic adjusting device, the drum housing element or the bottom plate can be adjusted in an advantageous manner depending on the counter-blade in an advantageous manner. The adjustment of the distance between the drum housing element or base plate and rotating cutting blade can be carried out automatically by means of the hydraulic adjusting device according to the invention, without causing wear of the adjusting device, even over long periods. Accordingly, the adjustment can be carried out exactly, without due to mechanical abrasion or the like as in the prior art, a gradual change or an inaccurate setting of the distance or the gap between the drum housing element and rotating cutting blades may arise.
    In addition, can be done with the help of an advantageous hydraulic hose or the like the cramped conditions in modern forage harvesters. When using flexible hydraulic hose lines, these can be passed directly to a very narrow concessions of a donor element such as a hydraulic cylinder, which is acted upon by the adjustment of the counter-blade to the drum housing element or preferably to a side facing the opposite side of the drum housing element hydraulic actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder. This means that the adjusting element is adjusted or acted upon by means of the adjusting unit and is advantageously hydraulically in operative connection with the hydraulic adjusting device or the Aktuartoreinheit for example via an advantageous hydraulic hose line, whereby the drum housing element according to the invention is advantageously adjustable. Preferably, the hydraulic adjustment system according to the invention has a closed hydraulic path, that is, from the transmitter element to the slave element.
    According to the invention, the advantageous adjustment according to the invention of the distance between drum housing element or base plate and the rotating cutting knives can realize some advantages, such as e.g. Avoidance or reduction of adverse wedge formation of crop between the housing member and the cutting blades or the rotary drum, avoidance or reduction of friction losses, avoidance or reduction of heat generation and / or avoidance or reduction of reduced throwing power or reduction of the transport speed of the crop in the area of the cutting unit. Thus, an energy-saving operation of the forage harvester according to the invention can be realized.
    For example, the position of the counter-blade can be adjusted in an advantageous manner, wherein the adjusting unit is designed as a linear motor, as an electric motor with screw element or spindle, as a hydraulic cylinder piston unit or the like.
    Preferably, an advantageous encoder unit of the adjusting device is provided on the counter-blade or the adjustment system or the adjusting unit, which is designed as a hydraulic transmitter unit and by adjusting or adjusting the counter-blade a hydraulic pressure via an advantageous hydraulic connection or a hydraulic hose or the like to a advantageous hydraulic actuator or slave unit of Hydraulikverstellvorrichtung according to the invention further passes.
    Advantageously, the Hydraulikverstellvorrichtung on at least one translation unit for translating or adjusting the length of the Justierweges to the length of the adjustment path. As a result, the ratio Justierweg to adjustment can be adapted to the particular application or training of the cutting mechanism in an advantageous manner.
    Depending on the arrangement and orientation of the counter-blade or longitudinal axis whose holder and / or arrangement and alignment of Hydraulikverstellvorrichtung or their longitudinal axis with respect to the drum or to the circumferential circle of the cutting blade can be an advantageous translation of the Justierweges in relation to the adjustment of particular advantage. This translation can be adjusted or determined, for example, by adjusting or selecting the diameters or effective cross-sectional areas of corresponding hydraulic components.
    The hydraulic adjusting device preferably has at least one hydraulic cylinder piston unit. This can be adjusted with advantageously large hydraulic force, the drum housing element according to the invention and kept in position exactly in position. For example, the hydraulic adjusting device is designed as a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, in particular as a plunger cylinder.
    For example, a transmitter unit of the hydraulic adjustment device is designed as a hydraulic cylinder which has a first hydraulic effective area. A receiving unit of the hydraulic adjusting device or the advantageous hydraulic cylinder of the adjusting unit has a second hydraulic active surface, which is advantageously designed in a fixed relationship to a first hydraulic effective surface of the transmitter unit or the corresponding hydraulic cylinder. By means of this advantageous selection or setting of the ratio of the first hydraulic active surface to the second hydraulic active surface, an advantageous ratio of the adjustment or of the ratio of the length of the adjusting path to the length of the adjusting path can be realized. Also, the translation is set in an advantageous manner by the alignment of the longitudinal axes of the counter cutting holder and the hydraulic adjusting device.
    In a particular embodiment of the invention, at least one Hydraulikverstellvorrichtung each provided at two opposite end portions of the rotation axis and / or the drum housing and / or the drum housing element, for example, considered transversely and / or in the direction of rotation of the cutting unit. It has been shown that in this way a uniform adjustment and positioning of the drum housing element can be achieved even with enormous load.
    Preferably, at least one return spring is provided for returning the drum housing element directed against an adjusting force of the adjusting device. Hereby, the drum housing element or the bottom plate is held in an advantageous manner without great effort in a predetermined position and / or on a stop, especially in a single-acting hydraulic cylinder.
    For example, the hydraulic adjusting device may also comprise a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. In this case, a corresponding return spring or the like can be dispensed with.
    Advantageously, the adjusting device has at least one fine adjustment unit for fine positioning of the drum housing element. Preferably, the fine adjustment unit is arranged in the direction of the adjustment path in series with the hydraulic adjusting device or with the receiving unit. With the aid of such a fine adjustment unit, for example, the starting position of the drum housing element can be set exactly. When re-sharpening the counter-blade, a change with the aid of the fine adjustment unit can be dispensed with, so that, for example, the manufacturer of the forage harvester operates the fine adjustment unit before putting it into operation. The user or the farmer can make a corresponding further, possibly manual fine adjustment only under certain circumstances. However, this remains unnecessary in normal cases.
    Basically, according to the invention, an automated, independent and over the life cycle of the cutting optimal positioning of the drum housing element or bottom plate of the cutting mechanism can be realized. Mechanical abrasion as in the prior art and thus a disadvantageous or uncontrolled change or deterioration of the Spaitmaßes or distance between the drum housing element and rotating cutting blades is effectively and permanently prevented according to the invention. This improves on the one hand the quality of the chopped crop, and on the other hand reduces the energy consumption of the forage harvester according to the invention.
    An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the schematic drawing and is explained in more detail below with reference to the single figure.
    In Figure 1, a shredder drum 1 is shown schematically, which is designed to be rotatable about a rotation axis 2. The chopper drum 1 comprises circumferentially distributed cutting blades 3 or chopper blades 3. Merely for reasons of clarity, a representation of all over the entire circumference or over the entire 360 ° distributed cutting blade 3 was omitted.
    The chopper drum 1 and the cutting blades 3 are associated with a counter-blade 5, so that in Figure 1 on the left side, not shown, incoming and prepared for example by pre-press rollers and compressed crop with the help of the rotating blade 3 and the counter-blade 5 is cut off or sheared off. Due to the counterclockwise rotation D of the chopper drum 1, the cut crop is accelerated / driven and transported to a chute 12 on. It can be provided behind the cutting unit 1 and the chopper drum 1, an acceleration unit for the chopped crop to throw this at high speed from the forage harvester on a transport vehicle not shown in detail.
    Between the discharge chute 12 and the counter-blade 5, a drum housing element 11 and a bottom plate 11 is provided. The bottom plate 11 is part of a drum housing and is supported on the counter-blade 5 or its holder 6 rotatably via a bearing or a bearing 9. The holder 6 of the counter-blade 5 is rotatably supported on a support 7, in particular on a support frame, not shown, or the like.
    By cutting the crop, the knife 3 and the counter-blade 5 are subject to wear and must be reground from time to time or sharpened again. As a result, on the one hand, the effective drum diameter of the chopper drum 1 and the cutting blade 3 and on the other hand shortens the counter blade 5. Thus, without readjustment of the counter knife 5, the blades 3 and the counter blade 5 no longer move directly past each other or there would be a gap arise between the counter blade 5 and the blades 3.
    To compensate for this gap or elimination of this, an actuator 10 is provided, which may be, for example, a linear motor or a hydraulic cylinder or the like. The actuator 10 is connected via a lever 8 with the counter blade 5 and its holder 6. Thus, a change in the position of the lever 8 with the aid of the actuator 10 leads to a change or to an adjustment of the counter-blade 5, so that when re-sharpening the blades 3 and 5 their positioning can be exactly adjusted to each other again.
    According to the invention, an advantageous hydraulic cylinder 15, in particular a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 15 is arranged on the lever 8 such that the adjustment of the lever 8 leads to a change in the piston position or cylinder position of the hydraulic cylinder 15. Thus, a coupling with a second hydraulic cylinder 18 is realized by the adjustment movement of the lever 8 by means of the cylinder 15 and an advantageous hydraulic hose 17.
    The hydraulic cylinder 18 is preferably a plunger cylinder 18, which is arranged on one of the counter-blade 5 opposite end of the bottom plate 11 and this can be adjusted by changing the piston or cylinder position. The plunger cylinder 18 is a hydraulic cylinder in which the piston rod serves as a piston.
    Since the plunger cylinder 18 is advantageously designed as a single-acting cylinder 18, a return spring 19 is preferably provided, which presses the drum plate 11 in the direction of a support of the cylinder 18 and a support frame of the forage harvester, that is against the adjustment of the hydraulic cylinder 18th By an advantageous selection of the diameter of the cross-sectional areas of the hydraulic cylinders 15 and / or 18, an advantageous translation of the adjustment paths can be realized.
    Especially for exact setting when commissioning the forage harvester or the chopper drum 1, the hydraulic cylinder 15 and / or the hydraulic cylinder 18 each have a Feinfeinstellung 16 and 20 respectively. As a result, the exact starting position or the optimum position of the bottom plate 11 can be made during commissioning or in a basic setting. Thus, with the fine adjustment 16, the articulation point of the master cylinder 15 can be adjusted in order to change the response. With the fine adjustment 20 on the adjusting cylinder 18 whose starting position can be adjusted.
    According to the invention, the wear of a chopper drum 1 or the counter-blade 5 in a self-propelled forage harvester can advantageously be compensated. The distance of the chopper blade 3 to the drum base 11 increases by the regrinding or wear, wherein the distance or the gap between the cutting edge 3 and drum base 11 can be hydraulically readjusted or kept constant according to the invention.
    With the help of the invention, the energy consumption of the chopper is improved. Due to the automatic or automatic adjustment of the drum base 11 by means of the hydraulic adjustment of the distance to the drum 1 of the drum base 11 over the entire life of the chopper drum 1 is optimally adjusted.
    Without further illustration, a master cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder 18 is present in an advantageous manner on both sides of the axis of rotation 2 of the chopper drum 1 and in each case in operative connection with a cylinder 15 assigned thereto or hydraulically connected. The movement of the counter-blade 5 is hydraulically coupled according to the invention directly with an increase or decrease of the drum base. Possibly, an advantageous, not shown attenuation / suspension or deflectability of the drum base 11 can be realized, for example by means of a diaphragm accumulator or the like.
    According to the hydraulic coupling of the bottom adjustment and counter cutting adjustment moves or moves the drum base 11 always in a fixed ratio to the Gegenschneidennachstellung and thus automatically keeps the correct distance from the drum 1. By the advantageous choice or setting of the hydraulic transmission ratio of master cylinder 15 to slave cylinder 18 receives The drum base 11, the desired setting to the drum 1 and retains still an optimal distance between the drum base 11 and drum 1. The hydraulic components fit even with a limited space in forage harvesters of forage harvesters in an advantageous manner.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 chopping drum 2 rotation axis 3 chopper blade 5 counter cutting edge 6 holder 7 support 8 lever 9 bearing 10 actuator 11 drum base 12 discharge chute 15 hydraulic cylinder 16 fine adjustment 17 hydraulic line 18 hydraulic cylinder 19 return spring 20 fine adjustment D rotation
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    claims
    A forage harvester with at least one cutting unit having a cutterhead (1) rotating around a rotation axis (2) for cutting and shredding crops, the cutterhead (1) comprising at least one drum housing (11) and a plurality of circumferentially arranged cutting blades (3), wherein at least one of the cutterhead (1) associated and arranged substantially parallel to the rotation axis (2) counter blade (5) is provided, wherein between counter cutting (5) and an ejection channel (12) for ejecting the cut crop at least one drum housing element (11) of the Drum housing (11) is provided, wherein at least one adjusting unit (10) for adjusting and readjusting the counter-blade (5) is provided relative to the cutterhead (1) along a Justierweges, wherein the adjusting unit (10) in operative connection with an adjusting device (18) for at least partially radially to the axis of rotation (2) aligned adjusting the drum housing element (11 ) is along an adjustment, and the adjusting device (18) as at least one hydraulic fluid having hydraulic adjusting device (18) is formed characterized in that the adjusting unit (10) via a lever (8) is so connected to a hydraulic cylinder (15), the adjustment of the lever (8) leads to a change in the piston position of the hydraulic cylinder (15), which is transmitted via a hydraulic hose line (17) to the hydraulic adjusting device (18).
    [2]
    2. forage harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic adjusting device (18) has at least one translation unit for translating or adjusting the length of the Justierweges to the length of the adjustment path.
    [3]
    3. Forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic adjusting device (18) has at least one hydraulic-cylinder-piston unit (18).
    [4]
    4. Forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit (18) is designed as a single-acting hydraulic cylinder (18).
    [5]
    5. Forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit (18) is designed as a plunger cylinder (18).
    [6]
    6. forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder-piston unit (18) is designed as a double-acting hydraulic cylinder (18).
    [7]
    7. Forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case at least one hydraulic adjusting device (18) at two opposite end portions of the rotation axis (2) and / or the drum housing (1) and / or the drum housing element (11) is provided.
    [8]
    8. forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one return spring (19) directed against an adjusting force of the adjusting device retrieving the drum housing element (11) is provided.
    [9]
    9. Forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device (18) has at least one fine adjustment unit (20) for fine positioning of the drum housing element (11).
    [10]
    10. Forage harvester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fine adjustment unit (20) in the direction of the adjustment path in series with the hydraulic adjusting device (18) is arranged.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP1884155B1|2009-10-21|Agricultural harvester
    EP1961288B1|2010-02-24|Device for setting the position of the post-acceleration organ in an agricultural harvesting machine
    EP1847169B1|2011-03-16|Method and device for regulating the cutting length of a straw cutter in an agricultural harvester
    EP1790210B1|2009-03-25|Feeding device for a forage harvester
    EP2997802B1|2017-08-30|Agricultural working device
    EP1932416A1|2008-06-18|Device comprising a first and a second work unit
    EP1797753B1|2009-06-03|Forage harvester
    DE19905835C2|2003-04-17|Hydraulic actuator
    EP2386200A1|2011-11-16|Self-propelled chaff cutter
    BE1021739B1|2016-01-14|FELDHÄCKSLER WITH A CUTTING WORK
    EP3530101A1|2019-08-28|Self-propelled chaff cutter
    EP0993766A1|2000-04-19|Control for an accesory
    DE102013104121A1|2014-10-30|Agricultural harvester
    DE19717542A1|1998-10-29|Cutter for harvester, especially for press with conveyor
    EP2735222B1|2015-09-09|Chaff cutter with a cutting device
    EP1852011B1|2009-10-14|Self-propelled chaff cutter
    EP2939521B1|2017-07-26|Agricultural machine
    EP2910104B1|2016-08-24|Cutting assembly for an agricultural harvester
    DE102015218726A1|2017-03-30|Straw chopper for a combine harvester with counter knives and friction bar
    DE102019109479A1|2020-10-15|Harvester with a cutting device
    EP3354126A1|2018-08-01|Cutter and shredding drum for a chaff cutter
    EP3228176B1|2019-11-20|Harvesting machine with a cutting device
    EP3069596B1|2017-12-20|Forage harvester
    EP1932418A1|2008-06-18|Harvesting device for collecting harvested crops from the ground
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102012022985A1|2014-05-28|
    DE102012022985B4|2016-10-27|
    FR2998443B1|2019-12-13|
    FR2998443A1|2014-05-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DD224476A1|1984-05-29|1985-07-10|Fortschritt Veb K|CRAFT ON A FIELD HAMMER WITH CUTTING DRUM|
    DE19652656A1|1996-12-18|1998-06-25|Claas Ohg|Adjustment device for chopper unit|
    DE19841598A1|1998-09-11|2000-03-16|Lely Welger Maschinenfabrik Gm|Conveyer arrangement for agricultural harvesting vehicles has feed channel floor that can be lowered to starting region next to pick-up drum, and below feed tine level depending on rotor load|
    EP1852011A1|2006-05-03|2007-11-07|Maschinenfabrik Bernard Krone GmbH|Self-propelled chaff cutter|
    US10111384B2|2015-10-09|2018-10-30|Cnh Industrial America Llc|Agricultural chopper with linked counter knives and shear bar|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012022985.2A|DE102012022985B4|2012-11-26|2012-11-26|Forage harvester with a cutting unit|
    DE102012022|2012-11-26|
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